![]() These findings indicate that goose domestication dates back 7,000 y, making geese the oldest domesticated poultry species in history. The goose population appears to have been maintained for several generations without the introduction of individuals from other populations and may have been fed cultivated paddy rice. ![]() The histological, geochemical, biochemical, morphological, and contextual evidence suggest that geese at Tianluoshan village were at an early stage of domestication. Morphological analysis revealed that the locally bred mature birds were homogenous in size, whereas radiocarbon dating clearly demonstrated that the samples from locally bred individuals were ∼7,000 y old. The nitrogen-stable isotope composition showed that locally bred mature birds fed on foods different from those eaten by migrant individuals. The analysis of oxygen-stable isotope composition supported this observation and further revealed that some of the mature bones were also derived from locally bred individuals. Histological analysis revealed that one of the bones was derived from a locally bred chick, although no wild goose species breed in southern China. Here, we studied goose bones from Tianluoshan-a 7,000-y-old rice cultivation village in the lower Yangtze River valley, China-using histological, geochemical, biochemical, and morphological approaches. Although domestic chicken bones have been reported from some Early Holocene sites, their origin is controversial and there is no reliable domestic chicken bone older than the Middle Holocene. ![]() Poultry are farmed globally, with chicken ( Gallus gallus domesticus) being the leading domesticated species. ![]()
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